POP TONING

		©D.R. Cowles
\| Standard Ammonium Thiocyanate/Gold Chloride Toner \| \| Alkaline/Gold Toners \|

STANDARD AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE / GOLD CHLORIDE TONER
	STOCK SOLUTION A
	Ammonium Thiocyanate Dist. Water (150°C/120°F)	10 grams 500 ml.
	Allow this stock solution to stand overnight.

	STOCK SOLUTION B
	Gold Chloride Dist. Water (21°C/70°F)	1 gram 500 ml.
	(If starting with gold chloride in a 1% solution, dilute 100 ml. of 1% solution with 400 ml. distilled water to make 500ml. Stock B.)
	Both Stock solutions will keep indefinitely. 500 ml. each of Stock A and Stock B will make enough working toner solution to tone approximately fifty 8" x 10" prints in four printing sessions, assuming one liter volumes of working toner.
	For use, mix in these proportions:
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Stock Solution A Stock Solution B	900 ml. 50 ml. 50 ml.
	Upon addition of Solution B, toner will turn red momentarily. Working dilution of toner may be used immediately.
	Tone prints until desired color change has occurred (3-10 minutes). At about one minute into toning, the entire image will take on a yellow-orange appearance. Soon thereafter, the shadows will begin to re-intensify, and the highlights will begin to appear light gray in color. For a mid-range (purple-brown) hue in the finished, dry print, tone until the highlights take on a faint cool (bluish-gray) tone compared to the mid-and shadow tones. Less toning produces warmer toned prints; more toning produces colder tone prints. In judging the degree of toning, observe the degree of color change, rather than the actual color.
	Replenish toner with approximately 6ml. each of Stock Solutions A and B for every 8" x 10" print toned. If the toning time becomes progressively shorter, reduce the amounts of replenishment; conversely, prints with large black borders may require a slightly higher replenishment rate.
	In order to achieve greater session-to-session uniformity, and greater consistency of toning within a printing session, one may substitute exhausted toner (saved from the previous printing session) for half of the water used to dilute Stock Solutions A and B for use, ie.:
	Old Toner Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Stock Solution A Stock Solution B	450 ml. 450 ml. 50 ml. 50 ml.

ALKALINE / GOLD TONERS
	Toning times in alkaline/gold toners are comparable to toning times in thiocyanate/gold toners. Compared to thiocyanate / gold toners, however, alkaline/gold toners produce prints with somewhat higher contrast, cleaner whites, and darker shadow tones. Each toning formula produces final prints of slightly different image hue. Some of the alkalis listed below are available at your local supermarket: borax (20 Mule Team® Borax), Sodium Bicarbonate (Arm & Hammer® Baking Soda), and Sodium Carbonate (Arm & Hammer® Super Washing Soda).
	BORAX / GOLD TONER
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Borax (Sodium Tetraborate)	970 ml. 4 grams
	After the Borax is dissolved, add:
	Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride)	30 ml.
	In about 5 minutes the toning solution will lose its pale yellow color, at which time it is ready to use.
	To replenish, add about 5 ML of Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride) for every 8"x10" print toned. Used toner does not keep and should NOT be used to make up new toner batches.
	After toning, fix and wash as described in the P.O.P. Data Sheet.
	SODIUM ACETATE / GOLD TONER
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Sodium Acetate	970 ml. 3 grams
	After the acetate is dissolved, add:
	Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride)	30 ml.
	In about 5 minutes the toning solution will lose its pale yellow color, at which time it is ready to use.
	To replenish, add about 5 ML of Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride) for every 8"x10" print toned. Used toner does not keep and should NOT be used to make up new toner batches.
	After toning, fix and wash as described in the P.O.P. Data Sheet.
	SODIUM BICARBONATE / GOLD TONER
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Sodium Bicarbonate	970 ml. 1 gram
	After the bicarbonate is dissolved, add:
	Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride)	30 ml.
	In about 5 minutes the toning solution will lose its pale yellow color, at which time it is ready to use.
	To replenish, add about 5 ML of Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride) for every 8"x10" print toned. Used toner does not keep and should NOT be used to make up new toner batches.
	After toning, fix and wash as described in the P.O.P. Data Sheet.
	SODIUM CARBONATE/ GOLD TONER
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Sodium Carbonate	970 ml. 1 gram
	After the carbonate is dissolved, add:
	Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride)	30 ml.
	In about 5 minutes the toning solution will lose its pale yellow color, at which time it is ready to use.
	To replenish, add about 5 ML of Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride) for every 8"x10" print toned. Used toner does not keep and should NOT be used to make up new toner batches.
	After toning, fix and wash as described in the P.O.P. Data Sheet.
	SODIUM PHOSPHATE / GOLD TONER
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Sodium Phosphate	970 ml. 1 gram
	After the phosphate is dissolved, add:
	Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride)	30 ml.
	In about 5 minutes the toning solution will lose its pale yellow color, at which time it is ready to use.
	To replenish, add about 5 ML of Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride) for every 8"x10" print toned. Used toner does not keep and should NOT be used to make up new toner batches.
	After toning, fix and wash as described in the P.O.P. Data Sheet.
	SODIUM TUNGSTATE / GOLD TONER
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Sodium Tungstate	970 ml. 1 gram
	After the tungstate is dissolved, add:
	Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride)	30 ml.
	In about 5 minutes the toning solution will lose its pale yellow color, at which time it is ready to use.
	To replenish, add about 5 ML of Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride) for every 8"x10" print toned. Used toner does not keep and should NOT be used to make up new toner batches.
	After toning, fix and wash as described in the P.O.P. Data Sheet.
	ACETATE/CARBONATE/GOLD TONER
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Sodium Acetate Sodium Carbonate	970 ml. 2.5 grams 0.5 grams
	After the tungstate and carbonate are dissolved, add:
	Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride)	30 ml.
	In about 5 minutes the toning solution will lose its pale yellow color, at which time it is ready to use.
	To replenish, add about 5 ML of Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride) for every 8"x10" print toned. Used toner does not keep and should NOT be used to make up new toner batches.
	After toning, fix and wash as described in the P.O.P. Data Sheet.
	BORAX/TUNGSTATE/GOLD TONER
	Tap Water (21°C/70°F) Borax Sodium Tungstate	970 ml. 1.5 grams 0.5 grams
	After the borax and tungstate are dissolved, add:
	Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride)	30 ml.
	In about 5 minutes the toning solution will lose its pale yellow color, at which time it is ready to use.
	To replenish, add about 5 ML of Stock Solution B (0.2% Gold Chloride) for every 8"x10" print toned. Used toner does not keep and should NOT be used to make up new toner batches.
	After toning, fix and wash as described in the P.O.P. Data Sheet.

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